The world environment is basically originated from French
‘Environia” that means ‘to surround”. The environment is a surrounding around
us where we live and refers to a combination of all the living and non-living
things in any physical state. Environment is one of the dynamic and complex components
of nature. It is a mixture of materials and forces which interact with living
organisms.
Definition:
The world environment can be explained as sum of all
the conditions surrounding an organism at a given space and time, including
biological, physical and cultural elements.
It can also be illustrated as an organism’s
surrounding factors whether living or non-living that interact with it and can
affect its development or existence and survival.
There are two main components of the environment
given as follows
1. Biotic
components
2. Abiotic
components
1. Biotic components:
All the living entities that can have any kind of
impact on the population of an organism or on the environment around that
organism are categorized under biotic components. Biotic components are
basically a set of interconnected populations of divergent organisms that
belong to different species but inhabiting the same environment and affect the existence
and survival of each other. These components are divided into three fundamental
categories given as follows
1. Heterotrophic
components
2. Autotrophic
components
3.
Saprotrophic components
2. Abiotic components:
Non-living part of the environment that can alter
the survival, existence and size of the population of an organism are named as
abiotic components of the environment. Physical conditions of an environment as
well as the non-living resources are fundamental abiotic components. These
components can considerably influence the reproduction rate, growth rate and
habitat of organisms. Generally, these components include percentage of
moisture, temperature conditions, light, water availability, air flow, soil
fertility, and oxygen or carbon dioxide levels in air.
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