A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is
known as a solution.
1. Components of solution:
There are two fundamental components of a solution.
I) Solute
II)
Solvent
I. Solute:
The substance added or present in minute or lesser
amount among two basic components of a solution is known as solute. For
instance, in a solution of 1 gram salt dissolved in 100 mL of water, salt is
considered as solute because it is present in lesser amount than water.
II. Solvent:
The substance present in higher amount among two
components of a solution is known as solvent. In other words, solvent is the
component of a solution in which solute is added or dissolved. For example, in
aforementioned solution of 1 gram salt into 100 mL water, water is considered
as solvent.
2. Types of solutions:
Solutions can be classified according to
concentration and saturation point. Solutions are divided into two main types
depending upon the concentration of that solution. These two types are given as
follows
I) Dilute
solution
II)
Concentrated solution
I. Dilute solution:
The solution in which minute or small quantity of
solute is added is known as dilute solution. For example, 3 grams of sugar
added in 100 mL of water or 5 grams of salt present in 100 mL of water are
dilute solutions.
II. Concentrated solution:
The solution which possess high amount of solute
dissolved in solvent is known as concentrated solution. For example, if we add
20 grams of sugar in 50 mL of water it will be considered as a concentrated
solution.
According to saturation point or capability to
dissolve the given solvent solutions can be classified as
I) Saturated
solution
II)
Unsaturated solution
I) Saturated solution:
A saturated solution can be defined as a solution
which dissolved solute up to its saturation point and is not capable of
dissolving further amount of solute. At this point of saturation if further
solute is added to this solution it will not dissolved, instead it will settled
down in the bottom.
II) Unsaturated solution:
The solution in which solute is present in a lower
amount than its saturation point and it is capable of dissolving further amount
of solute is known as unsaturated solution.
According to composition solutions can be divided
into
I) Homogeneous
solution
II)
Heterogeneous solution
I) Homogeneous solution:
A solution possessing uniform composition and shows
consistent properties is known as homogeneous solution. When salt is dissolved
in water it forms a homogeneous solution.
II. Heterogeneous solution:
A solution which does not possesses a uniform
composition and properties in known as heterogeneous solution. When sand is
mixed in water it forms a heterogeneous solution.
According to media solutions can be divided into
following two types
I) Aqueous
solution
II)
Non-aqueous solution
I. Aqueous solution:
A solution is categorized as aqueous solution if the
media or solvent is water. For example, the solution of salt into water is an
aqueous solution.
II. Non-aqueous solution:
Solution which does not possess water as media or solvent
is known as non-aqueous solution. Different organic solvents and acids are used
as a solvent in non-aqueous solutions to dissolve the given solute.
According to state of solute and solvent solutions can be divided into divergent types which are summarized in table 1.
Table: 1. Types of solutions depending upon the states of solute and solvent
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