Percentage (%) composition:
The percentage composition of a solution can be
defined as the amount of solute per hundred parts of that solution. Using the
following equation 1 percentage of solute into given solution can be estimated.
Mass of solution is calculated by adding mass of
solute plus mass of solvent. Percentage of a solution can be estimated for various
types of solutions having divergent phases of solute and solvent. Different
ways to estimate percentage composition are given as follows
I. Percentage weight/weight (w/w):
This method is used to calculate the percentage
composition of both solute and solvent weighted in grams. It is defined as the
grams of solute dissolved per 100 grams of a given solution. For example, 10
grams of sugar when added into 100 grams of water the percentage of this
solution will be 10%.
2. Percentage weight/volume (w/v):
In this method the given amount of solute in grams
is calculated per 100 units by volume of the solution. The solvent is this case
is in liquid phase and volume of the solvent is usually not exactly known. For
instance, 10 grams of sugar when added in 100 cm3 of water the
concentration of this solution will be 10% weight by volume.
3. Percentage volume/weight (v/w):
The solute in cm3 is dissolved per 100 parts of
solution in grams. The example of this type of solution is mixture of alcohol
and water in which 5 cm3 of alcohol is dissolved into water but the
weight of both liquids in solution form is taken in grams.
4. Percentage volume/volume (v/v):
A specified volume of solute dissolved per 100 units
of solution by volume the calculated percentage composition of this solution
will be in volume/volume. The percentage composition of alcohol in beverages can
be estimated using this way. For instance, 12 percent alcohol beverage means 12
cm3 of alcohol dissolved per 100 cm3 of solution.
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